Development of an IoT‐Based Smart Recycling System for University Waste Management in Kano Municipal LGA, Kano State
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Background of the study:
University campuses generate significant amounts of waste, and effective waste management is crucial for maintaining a healthy and sustainable environment. In Kano Municipal LGA, traditional waste disposal methods have proven inefficient, resulting in overflowing bins, environmental pollution, and increased operational costs. The development of an IoT‐based smart recycling system presents an innovative solution to address these challenges by automating waste collection, segregation, and recycling processes. Utilizing sensors and wireless networks, such systems can monitor waste levels in real time, detect the types of waste, and alert campus maintenance teams when bins need to be emptied (Ibrahim, 2023). Data analytics integrated into these systems facilitate the optimization of waste collection routes and schedules, reducing fuel consumption and operational expenses. Additionally, smart recycling systems can incentivize waste segregation at the source by providing feedback to users through mobile applications or digital kiosks. This proactive management not only minimizes environmental impact but also encourages sustainable practices among students and staff (Adeniyi, 2024). The integration of IoT technology in campus waste management aligns with global trends towards smart cities and sustainable development, offering measurable improvements in resource recovery and environmental quality. With continuous data collection and remote monitoring, university administrators can better plan recycling initiatives, reduce landfill use, and promote a circular economy on campus. Such systems are scalable and adaptable to various waste streams, ensuring that even complex waste management challenges can be efficiently addressed (Udo, 2025).
Statement of the problem:
University waste management in Kano Municipal LGA is hampered by outdated disposal practices and a lack of real‐time monitoring, leading to inefficiencies and environmental degradation. Traditional manual methods of waste collection often result in irregular pickups and ineffective segregation, causing recyclable materials to be contaminated and ultimately landfilled. This not only escalates waste disposal costs but also contributes to environmental pollution and health hazards on campus (Ibrahim, 2023). The absence of automated systems to monitor waste levels in real time means that overflowing bins and improper waste segregation go unnoticed until they become problematic. In addition, the lack of data analytics prevents effective planning and optimization of collection routes, thereby increasing fuel consumption and labor costs. Financial constraints and limited public awareness further exacerbate these issues, impeding efforts to implement sustainable waste management practices. Without an innovative, IoT‐based recycling system, the university will continue to face challenges in managing waste efficiently, leading to negative impacts on campus aesthetics, public health, and the environment (Adeniyi, 2024). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and deploy a smart recycling system that automates waste monitoring, optimizes collection processes, and promotes recycling and sustainability (Udo, 2025).
Objectives of the study:
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To design and develop an IoT‐based smart recycling system for real‐time waste monitoring on campus.
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To evaluate the system’s effectiveness in improving waste segregation and reducing collection costs.
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To propose strategies for integrating the system with existing university waste management practices.
Research questions:
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How effective is the IoT‐based system in monitoring and segregating campus waste in real time?
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What impact does the system have on reducing operational costs and improving recycling rates?
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How can the system be integrated with current waste management infrastructures to promote sustainability?
Significance of the study:
This study is significant because it offers a sustainable, technologically advanced solution for university waste management. The IoT‐based recycling system can lead to reduced environmental pollution, optimized waste collection, and a culture of sustainability on campus. The research will inform waste management policies and support the adoption of smart waste technologies.
Scope and limitations of the study:
This study is limited to the development and evaluation of an IoT‐based smart recycling system for waste management in university campuses in Kano Municipal LGA, Kano State. It does not extend to municipal or industrial waste systems.
Definitions of terms:
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IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices that exchange data in real time.
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Smart Recycling System: A technology‐driven system that automates the monitoring and management of waste and recycling processes.
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Waste Management: The collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials.
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